Where should the pass go? Drag players / the ball — every surface updates live. Teaching-purpose analytic model.
Surface
lowmidhigh
What am I looking at?
The white ★ marks the best point of the current surface; the yellow arrow points to it from the passer. With the offside rule on, the dashed orange line is the offside line (second-last defender, never behind the ball or halfway line); targets beyond it are darkened, count as failed passes, and are never recommended.
Teams
no player selected
How to interact
Drag any dot to move a player (touch works on mobile). Click a player to select it (yellow ring) and edit its jersey number. Double-click a red player to make them the passer, or drag the ball (yellow circle) onto a red player. Formation presets re-arrange one team only; red attacks to the right, blue is mirrored automatically.
Readout —
Best ★—
Pass success P—
Advantage ΔV—
Expected value EV—
Reward / risk breakdown
Reward—
Risk—
Hover anywhere on the pitch to read values at the cursor. ΔV = reward − λ×risk.
Model parameters
0.85
1.6
3.0
Higher λ = more conservative (turnover risk weighs more); higher interception sensitivity = a defender near the passing lane blocks it more easily.